The new police model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The new patrol sit down - Essay ExampleThis external force has existed throughout quaint societies. The tribal leaders in ancient times acted as judges and their servants executed punishments. Even in various tribal regions of the world this outline still exists. The tribal leaders along with their followers act as a guard force. The defense of the primary grow of nine is the main purpose of these forces. The concept of police also defines or explains the aim of living in a smart set. The humans live in a hunting lodge as a means of creating a system where they are safeguarded by threats. The police force plays the important role of safeguarding the society members against threats from within the society. Therefore the role of police has been crucial from the very beginning of human societies.In definition, the people who are given the job of enforcing the law are called police. This power is bestowed upon the police by the government and the society itself. The police for ce further comes into action when there is civil disorder or anarchy. The power of police is domestic. Therefore there is a jurisdiction or an area where this power is applicable and considered legal. The power of police therefore extends only to a certain region or a certain country. Many organizations yield their own law enforcement agencies. The military for example has a police force which instead of a regional jurisdiction has an organizational jurisdiction. The role of any police force is defined best by the society itself. Only few decades ago police was used as a pawn to strengthen the negative system of ethnic discrimination. Therefore it can be said that police is not a tool of giving justice but in fact maintaining the current state of affairs or in other words order.There are many different stages of the development of the police system to the mystify currently being used in most countries. The current model however was

Is religion a choice or it's just a brainwashing Research Proposal

Is religion a prime(a) or its just a persuade - Research Proposal Example173). For decades organizations and associations have been using rack tactics and mind control in the name of religion. Through brainwashing an individual is forced into conversion, which not just violates the human rights, but also has negative psychological consequences. They realize the extent to which they had been under influence, when they go or defect from the system. Free will in religion is essential to maintain human rights and gravitas but the way things stand, religion is not a matter of choice.The concept of brainwashing originated from the communists with the intention of overpowering the free will of the victims or forcing them to become communists (Anthony 1999, p. 424). It was then applied by religious cults in converting people. religious experiences and beliefs are caused due to hallucinations and delusions (p. 428). Anthony cites Abgrall who believes that brainwashing, mind control, men tal handling, coercive persuasion, are all methods to replace the thinking make (p. 426). Hypnosis makes people highly susceptible to suggestions (p. 428) and the altered states of consciousness results in conversions based on overwhelmed will (p. 429). tied(p) though America has rejected the brainwashing model, Robbins cites three shocking events where violence resonated Jonestown, Synanon and Rajneeshpuram (Robbins, p. 171). How the court or the adjudicate interpret law widely differs from psychological reality or how transformations or beliefs can be touch on or influenced. This has been found in not one but series of conspicuous events. Evidences from France, Belgium and Geneva instal that various techniques have been used to recruit members and retain them (Richardson and Introvigne, p. 147) although there are allegations that America has exported the concept of brainwashing to all other countries. A French psychiatrist compares conversion or brainwashing to seduction

Module 7 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

faculty 7 - Case Study ExampleBoth these washbasin be utilized to effectively chance on the objective at hand. 2. Being a group product manager at Proctor & chance there are several ways in which the information available from the store canvass can be effectively utilized to increase overall laundry detergent sales and increase overall productivity. As a group product manager it is my responsibility to keep in mind that whether the death is to shrink or comply with regulatory requirements a thorough store level audit performance is significant to protect and authenticate company assets and facilitate the reporting process. Furthermore it also provides the administration with satisfying time information that plays a big role when it comes to concentrating on identifying and resolving issues. The value of store audit information is reflected in the core advantages that result from the use of audit technology that enhance major aspects of a business. These being, enhanced audit productivity, improved operational effectiveness and superior reporting capabilities. Reference Malhotra, N K (2010), Marketing Research, An Applied Orientation, 6th edn, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

The Strategic Management Process of a Major Apparel and Denim Brand, Case Study

The Strategic counselling Process of a Major Apparel and Denim Brand, Levi Strauss - Case Study ExampleIn this paper, the outcome of Levi Strauss- The Boss and the Yogi as published in the Economist in the year 2014 is analyzed through the industriousness of relevant business and corporate strategy models with the aim of identifying the current strategic position of the brand, understanding the content and contemporary strategies taken up by the family in the recent years, identifying the success of the employment of the freshly strategies and finally for recommending a suitable future strategic direction for the company. Levi Strauss uses the generic strategies of equal leadership and cost focus in which the company is trying to reduce the overall expense of the business by developing more efficient logistics and procurement systems in their global operations, trying to increase the profit levels by diminish the operating costs while at the same time maintaining the product prices as per the industry standard. The company is also using the cost focus strategy to ensure that it can leverage on the node sentiments associated with the brand and maintain the gamey prices of the products while at the same time remaining sufficiently warring in the securities industrys of operation. The intensity of competitive rivalry The intensity of competitive rivalry is extremely high for Levi Strauss. everywhere the last few years, both the revenues and profits of the company have dropped by considerable extents due to the high degree of competiveness in the industry and the internal weaknesses of the company itself. Currently, the company is experiencing a declining market share in the American as well as global denim markets. The shares of the company have decreased from 7.2% to 5.3% in the period from 2004 to 2013. The threat of impudent entrants The threat of new entrants is medium for Levi Strauss. This is becausethere are many realized big and small playe rs in the denim market which create high entry barriers for a new player in the market. Also, this market is so intensely concentrated that there is hardly any market gap left for a new company to enter into and position itself.

Critically Examine How Assessment and Learning Is Facilitated in Your Essay

critically Examine How Assessment and Learning Is Facilitated in Your Work Community Setting - Essay ExampleThis idea attempts to look for the role of teachship in a clinical setting wherein receiveing and assessment is facilitated through a deeper understanding of the discipline environment, the needs of the environment and the learners and the mentors qualifications, requirements in term of planning the learning, tools and techniques, assessments, relationship between the mentor and mentee, lifecycle of the relationship and the challenges in the learning and development edge for both(prenominal) the learner or mentee and the mentor. Definitions of what mentoring is all about, the learning setting, process, facilitation, assessment, outcomes, roles, etc. will help in understanding the above. What is mentoring? McKimm et al (2007) observe that defining the term mentoring is a difficult task as it is a complex process and depends mostly on the learning environment and the int erpretation of the environments needs by the several(a) different individuals or groups. Quoting Megginson and Clutterbuck (1995, p13) they note that mentoring is off line help by maven person to some other in making portentous transitions in knowledge, work or thinking and that the role of a mentor is to help and guide the learner through a transition phase of the learner in a particular aspect like learning and other professional or personalized circumstances. Also, mentoring is just one form of support (p1). Mentoring is a transformational process that seeks to help individuals develop and use knowledge to improve themselves on an ongoing basis. It is a professional dialogue that encourages reflection and development, signposting mentees to other sources of help as required (What is mentoring, 2012). planetary medical practice describes it as a way of helping another understand more fully, and learn comprehensively from, their day to day experience and a commissioned depart ment of health describes it as a process whereby an experienced, highly regarded, empathic person (the mentor), guides another individual (the mentee) in the development and re-examination of their own ideas, learning, and personal and professional development (What is mentoring, 2012). Palermo and McCall (2008, p801) note that mentoring is a form of providing experiential learning where the learning is actual and practical, and it is seen that the learning will be ineffective and unsafe if there is no mentoring offered during the course of the experiential learning. Mentoring and teaching in that location is a need to understand the difference between teaching and mentoring as it is essential to get the desire outcomes. McKimm and Jollie (2007) have differentiated between teaching and mentoring while teaching is said to be a instructor centred approach, mentoring is understood to be a student centred approach where the learning needs of the learner are taken into consideration along with regular assessments of the same. Teaching itself is continually evolving to reflect on experience and critically explore the potential transformation of the learner. The basis for this evolution is the action research teaching need that recognizes that experiential learning leads to both the mentor and mentee contributing to the sustainability of the learning in the particular setting. To achieve sustainability through developing significant insights into the learning environment,

Health care services and mental health services Research Paper

Health cathexis services and intellectual wellness services - Research Paper ExampleMental health promotional material and amiable illnesses diagnoses and coverment are essential components of family medicament in the American health perplexity. Family physicians receive go along medical education and residency training in order to better manage mental health problems in people of all age groups. Early recognition of problems is made possible with the help of persistency of care inherent in the family medicine. Family physicians are best-suited to recognize the problems and make adequate interventions in the family system since they treat the whole family. Family physicians are particularly important because they are also in a position to cave in treatment to the individuals who tend to avoid the traditional mental health services due to social brand name linked with the treatment of mental illnesses.Many mental health issues are neither recognized much nor they are treate d adequately. Therefore, mental illnesses recognition and treatment are some of the significant challenges for the primeval care physicians that are responsible for most services related to mental health care. Results of a national mental health care survey suggested that up to 18 per cent of the people surveyed with or without a mental health disorder DSM-IVs diagnosis were treated in a one year distributor point and 52 per cent of the visits took place in the sector of all primary care or frequent medical care (Pincus et al., 1998). Primary care patients with a psychiatric disorder are between 11 per cent and 36 per cent (AAPF, 2015) and a survey of mental health conditions in the practices of urban family medicine suggests that more than 40 per cent of the research participants met the conditions set for a mental health disorder (National ambulatory Medical Survey, 2008).Traditionally, mental health services are carved out by the managed care organizations from the primary ca re. They place the mental health services in

Music Appreciation ( classical) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Music Appreciation ( classical) - Term Paper ExampleIn the impressionism period, the artists used dismount and water themes in their artworks which used to give an abstract look to their paintings. Music composers of that period also care to imitate the sounds of water. The two most popular mediums used by the impressionist composers were orchestra and piano.Claude Debussy, also known as oneness of the great pillars of musical modernism, is considered to be a very dominant personality in the eye socket of composition and music. He was born in northwest Parisian commune in 1862. If we intercourse about his educational career, we come to know that Debussy was deprived of public education because the government of France took away all civilized rights from his father due to his involvement in the Paris workers uprising. But when his parents found musical talent in Debussy, they sent him to his relatives to start his music education. Debussy did non have any regular schooling but he showed his extraordinary skills and abilities in composing. He was awarded with Prix de Rome in the year 1884. Here we must mention that he started his work in music industry as a pianist but he did not get much success as a pianist which made him divert his mind towards composing.If we talk about one of the major forces behind Debussys success, we can say that Ernest Guiraud, a quintessential french academic composer, played a great role in Debussys success as a composer. It was Debussys orchestral work La Mer and the opera production Pellas ET Mlisande which made him one of the most prominent and leading composers of the twentieth century. Printemps and the cantata La demoiselle lue were very famous poems by Debussy which not only played a great role in Debussys success as a composer but also symbolized a far-fetched advance on Lenfant prodigue.Under the influence of poets and painters from Rome, Debussy fell downstairs Wagners charm and attraction. This was the reason why D ebussys style was found

Compare and Contrast Nike vs. Adidas' Business Operations Research Paper

canvass and Contrast Nike vs. Adidas Business Operations - Research Paper ExampleThe founder of the company, Adi Dassler intended to offer premium quality equipments to every single athlete. The product offerings of Adidas ranges from app atomic number 18l to footwear to accessories related to every kind of motley sports. However, the company designs products that are mainly associated with football, training, running and basketball. The brand was acquired by Salmon class in the year 1997 and the company came to be known as Adidas-Salmon AG. In the year 2006, the group acquired Reebok which was perceived to be highly advantageous for Adidas. Reebok was also a sound known name in the sports industry. With the combination of two much(prenominal) reputed brands, the new group was expected to attain a higher degree of competitive advantage in the industry. The group was expected to cater with an increased variety of products accompanied with a strong existence crossways athletes, leagues, aggroups and events. The Adidas group engages above 42,000 employees crossways the globe. The group also has above 170 subsidiaries which assures the availability of its products across the world. The groups sales along with distribution of products have been categorized in four global regions which are North America, Latin America, Europe/Emerging markets and Asia/Pacific. The group deals in sportswear and footwear as well and is known to be amongst the biggest suppliers of Europe. The group is also observed to dominate quite a number of sports events beingness reputed as the Olympic brand in Sydney. The sale of the group was stated to reach a nature high in the year 2000 (Adidas Group, At a Glance the Story of the Adidas Group). 1.2. Nike Nike Corporation deals with developing, scheming and global marketing of products ranging from apparels and accessories to footwear and sport equipments. The company is known to cater about 18,000 retail stores with its products ac ross the United States. It also makes available its products in about 200 different countries with the combination of independent licensees, distributors and subsidiaries. The acrobatic footwear range of Nike is particularly designed for the use of athletes however, few of the products from this range are used for vacuous as well as informal purposes. The company designs its products for all age group of women, men and children. The common group of products that has the highest sales is basketball, cross-training, running, womens and childrens shoes. The company also designs and markets footwear that are required for alfresco actions like golf, baseball, bicycling, wrestling, aquatic activities, other recreational and athletic uses, tennis, soccer, football, volleyball, cheerleading and hiking among others. Nike is also involved with selling sports related equipments which entails volume of the mentioned groups, lifestyle wear that are athletically enthused and others. The compe titive advantage of the company is stated to be its constant innovations in the field of apparels, footwear and equipments as well. The company attains this competitive edge with the help of its Research and Development team which is technologically quite advanced (Dermesropian & Et. Al. NIKE). 2.0. Sales & Supply mountain range Management 2.1. Sales & Supply Chain of Adidas The suppliers of Adidas are trained in a way so that they comprehend the significance of setting up and synchronizing the organizational system of management along with ways and methods of proper communication. The easy and

Use of hydrocarbons as fuels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Use of hydrocarbons as fuels - search ExampleThe early mans industries included mining and smelting of ores, and a later transition from match Age to Metal Age. This resulted to not only wastage, but also potential spread of carbon monoxide, cyanogenic elements of mercury, and lead among others. However, with Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century, the introduction of the steam engine apothegm the industrial growth ascribable to possible transportation of industrial goods hence more pollution due to higher industrial demands (Khopkar 2004 p.16). These industries pollute the environment through sulfur dioxide, dioxin, and other toxic substances. The pollutants are in form of liquid, gas, and other solid forms that seriously damage the bio system. Air pollution is inevitable within the industrial process although industrial ecology aims at harmonizing the industrial sector and the biosphere as a solution to this suppuration problem.The chemistry involved in this industria l process includes production of emissions like SO2, Nitrogen Oxides, and particulate emissions. sec dioxide a content of fuel gases is one-quarter depending on the fuel. A coal-fired power plant produces 2.5million of fuel gas per minute if its output is 700MW, and emits 2.5 tons of sulfur per hour. However, the sulfur emissions are lower in industrial sources compared to power plants and expire where heating reactors use sulfur fuels. Oxidation of dust and soot particles with heavy metals due to presence of water system droplets can result to acid smog that has deleterious effects on respiratory system. During combustion of nitrous acids, the combustion process forms nitrogen oxides that are common air pollutants. Once Nitrogen oxide and the molecular oxygen or other radicals oxidate they form nitrogen dioxide. A good example is the use of sulphuric acid that contains nitrous elements during super phosphate production, because the process emits over 50% of nitrogen oxide gase s.The

Case study 3 peer review 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case study 3 peer retread 2 - Course escape ExampleThe higher position also puts an employee in a position where they have the magnate to influence broader organization decision-making (Robins, 2003). It would make it highly unethical to choose a less deserving someone to fill a position just in order to prove that the business is racially comprehensive since there are other more effective ways of proving this point. In fact, that the business already employs peoples of antithetical festinates is a start.The doctrine of Equal Opportunity Employment in law requires that all individual contributors essential be made eligible for promotion on an equal basis by their employers so that it serves as recognition and reward for their role as contributors. A promotion is a powerful communication mother fucker of sending the right signals about the values within an organization (R.W.Lippitt, 1958). Making promotions based on race goes against all values whether it favours the majority or minority because the decision will not be on merit.Equity and fairness are highly valued biblical traits. God is just and holy and consistently demands holiness and justice throughout the bible. He also treats all humankind justly and demands the same intercession amongst men even though they are of different races. Joseph was elevated in eight because of his exemplary work as was Daniel (Dan 119-20). This was in a context of gentile nations that did not know the God of the Israel/bible. consideration leadership is leadership that portrays godliness through fairness and equity (DSouza,

Impact of work life imbalance on the productivity of workers in Saudi Essay - 4

Impact of maneuver life imbalance on the productivity of workers in Saudi-Arabian public sector - Essay ExampleBased on recent labour surveys, roughly 14.9 % of the work stuff in Saudi Arabia is in the public sector (Kechrid, 2012). According to the Saudi Arabia Oil and swash Report by Business Monitor International (2009), the local workforce in Saudi includes of around 3.2 million citizens. However, recent demographic trends suggest that this number will increase in the future ground on a forecast of 4% annual increase in local workforce.It is clear that Saudi Arabian mint value family more than work. The stake is even more pronounced for women since they have the great responsibilities in taking care of family needs. The gender imbalance in the labour force in Saudi Arabia is such that women make up less than 5% of the nations workforce (BusinessMonitorInternational, 2009). The Saudization programme greatly affects the working context in Saudi. The program aims to increas e the number of Saudi citizens working in the cloak-and-dagger sector by compelling companies to hire Saudi citizens rather than foreign workers.In current society, organisational pressures force people to work long hours in order to achieve organisational goals. The high level of competition in the labour market forces workers to take on a higher workload than their optimal workload force (Greenhaus, 2011). This market effect can create an unwelcome imbalance between work and life.The culture of the people of Saudi Arabia places a high value on family in a persons life. Therefore, work life imbalance is an important issue in the lives of workers in Saudi Arabia. Work-life imbalance refers to a situation whereby an individual fails to engage in a balanced way in family and work roles (Darcy, 2007). Work-life imbalance is a common problem among public sector workers in Saudi Arabia whereby many people become overly involved in their work and consequently, their family and social l ives suffer (Stephens, 2014). Because of inefficiency and poor

Business Law Conference Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Law Conference - Research Paper display caseicials claimed that if they validated the results they could in turn be sued by a minority community for developing a practice that disadvantaged the minority groups (Supreme Court of the US 2008).The use of disparate treatment as an resource to disparate impact has to be strongly justified base on evidences and reasonable standards (remedial action). The Judge jilted the claim that the Department did not discriminate but said that the Department was involved in reservation a closing based on race, which was more like disparate treatment. IF there is a affair betwixt disparate treatment and disparate impact, then disparate treatment should be avoided based on clear and outright evidences and standards.Title VII, Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title VII prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 (CRA) and the Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 amend se veral(prenominal) sections of Title VII.By invalidating the results, there was an impermissible disparate impact, which in turn amounted to a racial preference, and was against Title VII. The Court gave a decision in favor of the 12 firefighters claiming that invalidation of their test results was a violation at a lower place Title VII.An opposite judge mentioned that the court failed to provide a clarification between the provisions of disparate impact under Title VII and the equal protection clause under the US Constitution (14th Amendment). Other evidences suggested that there were many flaws in the testing system adopted by New Haven, and if the testing system was better, the results outcome was have not been skewed.The court found the racial decision making adopted by New Haven Department as discriminatory and hence had to furbish up the results. However, it was also found that the testing system adopted by New Haven was improper compared to that of other Departments. However , this was not a basis invalidating the results obtained by the White

Membership and retention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Membership and retention - Essay ExampleThe study revealed that there is a disparity between knowledge about basic rights under these Union-based laws and that most employees do not find out their legal rights or their rights on termination and dismissal (Omar, Chan & Joned, 2009).At industries in which union membership is already present, this could have much to do with why unions are voted out and why union membership continues to decline. In order to strengthen union membership, in-house literature should be produced by union leadership that defines these rights, in a language that is easily understood by a wide variety of educated and non-educated demographics. By providing this information, those before long in unions would understand how the union actually represents their interests and be less apt to demand union pass away from the industrial environment. Once unionization occurs, the unions ability to foster commitment from members and to remain as their bargaining agent depends on how well the union succeeds in providing services that its members want (Mathis & Jackson, 2005, p.544).It is also likely to improve union membership by auditing the current collective bargaining representatives that handle negotiations for employees. The complex dynamics of collective bargaining requires individuals with psychological knowledge, management training, legal understanding, and conflict resolution skills. If the union is not cosmos represented by competent and qualified individuals, the employees needs will likely not be turn to competently and therefore union membership will decline due to bargaining inadequacy. These audits can be conducted by the unions themselves, the corporate management teams, employee assessment teams, or even paid independent auditing contactors specializing in union knowledge and bargaining norms. By illustrating that there is a measurement system in place to pretend competency, and promoting these efforts effectively, more unio n membership

Executive Summary Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Executive synopsis Memo - Assignment ExampleWe also hope to become the most desired tourist name and address both for the domestic and international tourists.In future, we plan to relocate to the central business development which we imagine will provide us with an advantageous place. The tax incentives will give money to represent other business (Tracy, 2000). We are aggressively planning to increase the coarse sales in the second year by about 55%. By creating a new bakery, Olympia Bakery will increase its sales volume by at least $240,000 over the next three years while maintaining the gross margin of 77%.Through the philosophy of all is possible regarding the products and services, Olympia Bakery will establish itself as an exceptional dessert supplier in the larger Michigan. We will gain a free-enterprise(a) advantage in take out. The summary outlines the concept philosophy and financial forecasted financials.Olympia Bakery is a hospitality company that is dedicated to p roviding high quality products in free and unclouded atmosphere for the clients deep down and without the city. Our intention is to make profit and return to our investors to continue financing our company. We strive to maintain friendly and fair relationships (Pinson, 2004). In addition we maintain creative work environment with respect to culture diversity, ideas and handwork of the membersThis tuition is necessary for the customer and the potential financier to our bakery. This information informs the customer of the company stand and is potential in the future. It can be found online at

Organizational Culture and Conflict Resolution Assignment

Organizational Culture and Conflict Resolution - Assignment ExampleThe results that were arrived at by Worrall in the research that pathed the foundation of the article evoke critical thinking on matters dealing with horticulture and organizational conflict. If I clear that the field is dominated by male business people and employees. The organizational culture was also against the female gender. This is owing to the lack of enough support and inflexible work practices. The women who enrol in the construction industry be not valued for the impact that they create as the origin is described as a mans career. This is however not true as in that location are very creative innovative and hardworking females in the field whose expertise is of critical importance. The organizational culture influences the participant in the field (Michel, 2009). In the modern society, women are empowered to take any(prenominal) career of choice. As such, there arises a conflict when a career in c onstruction is civilised to be for males. The same case is reflected globally. Even in universities and colleges, there are certain courses that are dominated by male students and some others are preferred by the female students. This led me to the realization that organizational and ethnic conflicts are still here with us and there is a desperate need to eradicate it (Gelfand, 2012). all in all businesses have the main aim of making profits. As such, the business models in both the United States of the States and China are profit oriented (Worm, 2008). Capitalism is key in the business mental synthesiss. However, there are various differences in the goals priorities in China and United States of America. First, the Chinese prefer a simple structure as the main form of configuration in the business. On the other hand, the Americans prefer a divisionalised form which is more complex and broad. As such, the mode of business operation is differentiated in the two countries. The oth er difference in business goals priorities between the two countries is in the preferred coordinating mechanism.

Investigating Financial Control Essay Example for Free

Investigating Financial Control EssayTask one(a)The three different types of represent be fixed make up, variable comprise and total cost. For tout ensemble of the diverse types of costs in that location are also dissimilar calculations to work out each type of revenue. meliorate cost does not diversify no matter how often they produce, even if the pedigree produces 1 or 1,000,000,000 it give al directions stay the selfsame(prenominal). Examples of fixed costs are rent, salaries, rates and loan payments. Variable cost change with the take aim of crosswayion. In order to work out the total variable cost you turn over to propagation together the sum of money and the variable cost. Also, to determine the total cost you have to add the fixed cost and the variable cost. The meaning of Start up cost is the money you need to start up the business. hurry cost always varies because of the level of stock changes and you have to pay for workers.In the case of Kiren an d Zaiba, salaries are apply as a fixed cost because they siret change with the level of output. Heating and illumine are apply as a variable cost because the variable cost change with the level of production. The sum Fixed cost + variable cost = total cost which is 6,000 in the scenario.The definitions for the following linguistic communication areProfitWhat is left when all costs incurred in making and interchange a product are deducted from the revenue gained from that sale. It acts as the reward to the entrepreneur, usually the owner of the business, who has provided the capital. It is usually the net avail subsequently tax which represents the surplus for the owners of the business and is paid as a dividend to shareholders. Profit maximization is seen as one of the major headings of a business, although it is to a greater extent likely to be an objective for the investors in a business, than for its managers or employees. It force be for those groups that clear acts a s a constraint, while higher gross revenue orhigher wages and salaries are more than important objectivesNet profitThis is the amount of sales revenue that a business earns less all the costs involved in achieving that revenue, including both direct costs and expenses. The net profit externalize represents the figure for profit before taxation or a dividend are further deducted, and shows how successful a business has been in generating profits from its trading activities.Gross profitThe figure obtained on the profit and loss visor when the cost of goods sold is deducted from the sales revenue of a business, but it does not take into account any of the expenses of running a business such as wages, distribution costs or administration costs.Fixed costVariable costTotal costRent 800Heating and lighting 200Salaries 1400 advertizement 50Insurance 210Administration 50Rates 150400 CDs 2800 loan repayments 290Telephone 50285031506000Task 2Kiran Zaiba outlineIn task two I utilise exc el to work out the break even point, at diverse costs. The fixed costs were the same because I only have done break even for one month. The quantity is going away up in one hundreds. I calculated the variable cost by multiplying the quantity by 6 which came out to be going up in six hundreds. I calculated the total cost by adding the fixed cost by the variable cost in this case it was increasing by six hundred. To calculate the sales revenue, I had to multiple the quantities by 12, which was increasing by 1200. To calculate profit or loss, I subtract sales revenue from total cost. According to the information on my tabular array Kiran zaiba have to sell 1000 CDs to break even. Break even is when the cost is 6000 and the quantity is 6.In the following table I have changed the fixed cost to 6950 because the following values change magnitude the rate change magnitude to 300 also, the telephone increased to 100, advertising to 125 and the lighting and heating increased to 425.Using the contributing method I allow calculate the following data to achieve how oft CDs entrust be needed to break even. In order to do this I depart have to use the following equation 6950 divided by 6. The sum equals 1158. So they will have to sell 1158 to break even. This means that they will have to increase sales.Advantages of break even analysisDisadvantages of break even analysisBreak even can be used to predict profitIt price suddenly changed it wouldnt take it inBreak even can be used to determine financial needsFor example, If petrol prices go up the break even will not show the increase.Keep track of profits and losses.It is a compute which means that the data is predicted.Gives you ideas for selling prices (if you do a lot of money at that period of time).It helps to calculate profitsHelps to make decisions on pricesI think that break even is very useful becauseIt assists you to figure out your profitHelps you by well-favoured you assumptions of pricesIt is extremely hearty in that if you are taking into consideration to applying for a loan.Gives you a clear movie of pricesTASK 3Analysis for bills bleed forecastI will instanter hold the cash proceed forecastI have now prepared an annual cash flow forecast using monthly dataI have also included the loan in January. The table visits like this for a regular cash flow forecastimage00.pngThe sales become rough due to an immense amplify in downloading and sharing music. The irregular cash flow forecast should look like thisimage01.pngCash flow forecast is extremely significant and has many uses. For example, it helps the lingo manager to get up to date it helps managers to scheme ahead and it also determines if at that place is a problem with the cash flow by resolving the difficulty.Regular cash flow showsThat there is not a problem with the cash flow because the opening bank end is always increasing, so the profit is rising.The main objective for a cash flow forecast is to see whether there is a profit or loss. Currently, I have identified that with the regular cash flow there is not a problem because all the numbers game are increasing, meaning that a profit has been achieved.Irregular cash flow forecast shows thatThe opening bank balance starts with zero it then rises immensely in February to 11300. Then it starts to decrease steeply all the way to December, leaving the opening bank balance drawn to a close with -37470. This is bad for the business because now they are not making a profitThe total cash inflows, starts of with 18000 in January. Then it starts to down in each and every month, until it comes to December where it increases to 2700 from November. This is consequently leading them to a loss.The total cash outflows line of reasoning from low to high in that, in January it is 6700 and then increases enormously to 9500 in December.The Implication of the problem is that there is an increase in people who tend to download and share music. This will ine vitably affect their sales. This will also consequently make Kiran and Zaiba fall to lose a profit. Because of this problem Kiran and Zaiba are making a loss of 43,920.The implication to the problem is that, In order to reject the lost, I recommend thatThe other way around this is to increase the number of quantities, in order to sell more and increase profit. Or, lower livelihood costs and launching a download website so you can attract costumers worldwide.Task 4The documents which Kiran and Zaiba will need to sequence sales and purchasing from order to receipt of goods areIssues by the purchaserIssued by the marketerDelivery note- accompanies the goods. Is signed by purchaser as proof of delivery.Sales invoice- gives full details of goods, prices, discounts, bathCredit note- issued if goods are returned or to adjust any over- commoves on the invoice.Statement of account- summarises all exploits and states balance owning.Remittance advice summarises the account for return wit h cheque paymentCash receipt- issued to confirm cash payment has been acquirePurchase order- lists items required and price for each.Goods received note- lists items received.Purchaser tells seller if any shortages or damage check up on or electronic transfer- to pay balance on statementI am now going to describe the manual and electronic ways of recording financial transaction that Kiran and Zaiba could usePredominantly, most Kiran and Zaibas transactions are mostly recorded electronically because they are developed either by an electronic cash narrative or by computer. The advantage of recording transaction for Kiran and Zaiba indicate that any coupled documents are printed mechanically. Kiran and Zaiba may postulate to take the alternative route by considering keeping manual records which are then kept by businesses that would not find it valuable to buy a cash register or use a computer system.Even people who receive payments in a clients home- such as service engineers- are now more likely to record the transaction on a laptop than carry a receipt book with them.Kiran and Zaiba want and need to bar fraud because they are a minute business. To terminate these frauds they will have to haveA profound staff selection which are trustworthy to procedure which includes character references.A whistle- blowing scheme where workers are make up for reporting fraud. The system should guarantee that information is treated confidentially.An unambiguous policy on dealing with fraud. memorise is usually considered to be gross misconduct (which means disgusting bad behaviour) for which workers can be open fire instantaneously as part of the disciplinary procedure.Task 5The strengths of a cash flow forecast are thatIt helps the bank manger to keep up to dateIt records how much money you haveIt gives you ideas to plan aheadDemonstrates how much money you have at the present timeThe forecasts of sales and cash flow, and indeed crucial abundance of profit, will be v ital on which the prospective bankers will assess the approaching feasibility of the business. It follows that these forecasts will come under crucial inspection and significant judgement. The importance of cash inflows is so you distinguish how much value of money is going towards the inside of a businesses bank account at a particular time. An example for this could be the income Kiran and Zaiba make for selling CDs.The strengths of break even areIt helps you see where you have an increase or decrease in your profit.Keeps you informedBreak even engrosses discovering what would hap if there were changes to cost of revenues. The types of questions the boss would ask areIs it possible for Kiran and Zaiba to increase sales by 5% and still make a profit even if sales fall?If by reducing sales by 10% will this effect Kiran and Zaiba?Say if Kiran and Zaiba shift of to an inexpensive property, how would this affect our profits? at that place is many different ways in which, to record thi s information. For instance, Manual recording principally used by businesses that, tend not sense that it is advisable to buy a cash register or computer. (For example, If Kiran and Zaiba dont sell as much CDs then, they may find it simpler to record these manually). Also, there is an alternative route which is, to record by electronically, which means that associated documents are printed mechanically. This could be beneficial if Kiran and Zaiba are selling lots of CDs. Cash flow indicates the amount of money received and spent over time. This is significant in that, you will then be aware of how much income is in the bank.If Kiran and Zaiba have an enormous command they can amplify there sales because there are not adequate CDs. They could charge more which is better for the business because they are making more profit. But if there is too much CDs then they could reduce prices to sell more, thus allowing them to make profits.Just to add, the main objective for any business is to make a profit. So, Kiran and Zaiba will want to do so. To do this, Kiran and Zaiba may want to take this into consideration that they may want to reduce their sales in order to sell more and to attract more costumers.

Red, White, and Black by Gary Nash Essay Example for Free

Red, White, and Black by Gary Nash EssayGary Nash author of Red, White, and Black end to their readers is describing the early colonists, still also the relationships toward Europeans, the Indians, and the Africans. Nash successfully analyzes the impact of the colliding three cultures and interprets them to give an overall theme astir(predicate) the relationships between those who made America what it is today. He has shown another oral sex of view to his reader that we grew up and was demonstrate in a white people land learning only the White people point of view through history. His manipulation of writing Red, White Black was to prove that Native Americans and Africans were not victims, but played as a active role to American history. Nash major theme that he covers in his book was about the three cultures in America and to interpret them overall. The theme is about the issue that Americans catch towards the Native American and Africans. He wanted to examine and studie d other culture history quite of only learning from the American side.He figures out that they were victims to the history and was just a role in the American history. His main point of time frame was from 1492-1796. The introduction to Nash research took place in eastern and Northern America. Nash was against how the founding fathers came to America and affected the Natives and Africans. He was against how the founding fathers came to their land and changed their destiny of lives and culture because they took what belong to to them first.Anthropologists call this process transculturation and historians call it Social change. His argument towards the historical terms is that we are studying a dynamic process of interaction that shaped the history of American Indians, Europeans, and Africans in the North America in the 17 18 centuries. Gary B. Nash was arguing of something different than what is written to us. He believes of what the founding father want us to know and was marked down through history.But reality during those times American Indians and Africans had a tough destiny change when the European came along. They changed and affected their lives in there home land. Gary B. Nash written Red, White, and Black purpose was mainly to let people know that, whats ever that was passed down from the founding father in history is only what their views were and marked down in papers. How the Americans European changed the lives of all Native American and African that was located at Eastern and Northern America.

A Comparison of Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian Societies Essay Example for Free

A Comparison of Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian Societies EssayAlthough Egypt and Mesopotamia were both early agricultural societies make upon the water provided by the major rivers which sustained them, they exhibited master(prenominal) differences as a egress of the different physical environments in which they developed. In this paper I will first focus on what I consider to be the major aspects of these differences in environment and thusly explore the consequences of these differences in their religious beliefs, political organization and commercial practices.A major difference in physical environment between these ancient societies was the seasonal river flows on which they depended for farming. The Nile which supported early Egyptian goal was characterized by predictable and annual fill up in the early fall. These floods occurred after crops were harvested. This pattern was a consequence of the regular late summer monsoon rains which fell at its headwaters. The N ile also possessed a large spreading delta area that gave rise to natural irrigation canals that would flood the areas between them with fertile nutrients for the next planting year.The Tigris and Euphrates rivers which supported the Mesopotamian rescript would typically flood in the late spring just when crops would be ripening, often with disastrous results on harvests. This pattern was a result of these waters originating from winter snow melt in the Anatolian mountains (now in break day Turkey) where these rivers originated. These floods sometimes caused the rivers to change their course abruptly cutting off fields from water. Anformer(a) patriarchal physical difference contributing to cultural differences was the relative isolation in which ancient Egypt developed compared to Mesopotamia. concord to our text book Egypts natural isolation and material self-sufficiency fostered a unique culture that for long periods of time had relatively little to do with other civilizations . In contrast, Mesopotamia was open to migration or aggression and was dependent on imported resources. Also many different ethnic peoples contributed to the growth of Mesopotamian society. The religious beliefs of Egypt and Mesopotamia were influenced by many factors. The rivers, every day objects, and the beliefs of the people. In Egypt in contrast to Mesopotamia the Pharaoh was considered to be a god in addition to being the supreme ruler.He was the main god of their religion. In Egypt people praised their gods for the annual flooding of the Nile. However in Mesopotamia the people were frightened of their gods because the gods could alter the landscape arbitrarily. In return they gave their gods gifts in hopes of calm down them. In both of the civilizations religion was polytheistic, i. e. , having many gods. The political organization of Egypt was based on the central consent of the Pharaoh. Since he was the embodied form of a god, he was the law. He chose where the capitol w ould be located, such a Thebes, Memphis, and so forthAlthough smaller cities existed in ancient Egypt the majority of Egyptians appeared to live in small farming villages. In contrast, Mesopotamia was built around a number of independent city states surrounded by farming villages. Many of these cities competed with to each one other or even warred with each other to become a dominant center of power. No provide basis for law or justice existed in this decentralized environment until Hammurabi succeeded in worthy the first king of Babylon and established the Babylonian Empire with control over all of Mesopotamia.He created a law code of which may copies were made. These inscribed tablets were sent to the different clans of Mesopotamia and became a basis for a uniform legal system, including classification of the people living under his dominion The commercial activities in Mesopotamia were quite all-inclusive as a result of the requirement to develop trading relationships between the different city states and other regions to obtain needed resources.This resulted in the development of a merchant class in the urban centers conflicting the situation in Egypt. Trade was based on bartering rather than money. Goods traded included wood, metals, and stone in alternate for wool, cloth, barley, and vegetable oil. These practices required the development of the skills needed for acquiring, transporting, and protecting valuable commodities. According to our textbook, independent merchants and merchant guilds had gained capacious influence in Mesopotamian society by the second 2000 BC.

Remembering a Life Essay Example for Free

Remembering a Life EssayI mean him in the misted vision of toddler years and again in girlhood, the booming voice on TV, person grown-ups talked about, eyelids flapped wide. Elders huddled round the screen enraptured, in fear for him, in awe. In her Remembering a Life, Nordette Adams describes the light(a)lessness pioneer, heartthrob, charming, charismatic and inspirational draw Martin Luther pansy.Although the main purpose of this paper is to speak about the immense source of the audio/ visual media as well as identify its tools and spots of power, and according to essay constitution rules, the introductory sentence should include the formal goal exposed the writer finds it more appropriate and level(p) attracting to start by the most important tool in visual media the presenter. In the globalization era, media is the modus operandi one intercontinental tool.It has different types starting with the written media represented in newspapers and journals, audio media repr esented in the radio, and fin eithery and most influential the audio/visual media represented in speeches and TV shows. Obviously, the audio/visual media attracts the highest number of audience for its wide-spread and easy access features. Sound and visual illustrations are no longer mere minor complements to thought scarce they directly influence the thoughts and the very conduct of millions of individuals.It was therefore inevitable that a desire should spring up to master such(prenominal) a powerful instrument, to discipline it for better (education) or for worse (advertising, for example). (pp. 1) Thence, the important elements that constitute any powerful piece of news item are the strong words, charismatic presenter, as well as the use of into state of matter, gestures and above all the strong meaningful cause. A close look into the successful speech I view as a dream presented by Martin Luther nance can show the effective and successful elements of a media news item.As well-known to all(prenominal)one, Martin Luther world power is a revolutionary man who devoted himself to pursuing the case of the black, and def leftovering their rights against oppression and discrimination. He is such a charismatic leader and talented speech presenter whose characteristics are essential to any media man. He was such an eloquent man who inspired many people. In this regard, Oprah Winfrey says Nothing that has happened in my life since I was 16 years old wouldve been possible.I wouldnt stomach been in radio, I wouldnt have been on television, I would have been have been who I am I plainly wouldnt have the life that I have without Martin Luther King jr. , To have been a living witness to the changes his vision and his dream have brought not just for me personally unless for me personally it really is amazing grace. He possessed wisdom of thought and specialism of cause and for his beliefs he said many philosophical quotes that can inspire any person where ver he is.To exemplify, he pleaded for work until the final breath Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree, he even cared for schools When schools flourish, all flourishes, and above all, he hated war War is the greatest plague that can afflict humanity, it destroys religion, it destroys states, it destroys families. In fact, it is no wonder he became the nowadays well-known Martin Luther King. In his speech I have a dream, Martin Luther King speaks it all gimcrack in fluent, strong and coherent chosen words.He speaks the cause, storey, acknowledgment, union, and requests. At the very beginning, he exposes the cause and history for the march and his speech Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic swarthiness we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro knuckle downs who had been seared in the flames of withering in justn ess. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. i hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the set up of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro stretch forths on a lonely island of poverty in the center of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so weve come here today to acquire a shameful condition.From the very beginning, the listener can highly sense the strong articulation of every word, as if Martin Luther King does not want the listener to escape a letter denoting the gravity of his cause. The brilliancy is not merely in the choice of the eloquent words, or in the smooth flow of sentences, but it is clearly shown also in his mild intonation for he uses a stable tone acclivity at ce rtain points of necessitate assertion. For example, he emphasized the injustice done to the Negro by hard his vocal cords reflecting his pain and strong belief in his cause. Upon this pattern, he continues to unfold his reasons.Actually, Martin Luther King uses inconstant styles incorporating even ironic and literary images that enriche his speech turning it into a beautiful piece of art achieving diversion for any listener. He believes that God is just and that a discrimination free atmosphere is urgently needed for both Blacks and Whites. He states in rather an ironic image that we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt moving the crowds to laugh at his simple, yet, powerfully righteous note. One more period, his intonation rises, but this time while talking about the present at present is the time to make real the promises of democracy. straight is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children. He speaks about the urgency of having real representative and free country. However, he is also very reasonable. He refuses the black to obtain their freedom on the bodies of the ovalbumin. He refuses violence thoroughly.Therefore, he gives credit to the white who support him in his cause The marvelous new militance which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to consume that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. Briefly, Martin Luther King exposes calmly his stance and asserts his beliefs before he reaches his climax. The climax of the speech exposes the ultimate strength of the words and per formance.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the take fire of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today Without taking a course in presentation skills, and without having educational activity for an interview, Martin Luther King manages to use a firm and strong voice, in addition to his gestures that make the audience rapid growth with his words. Watching this speech is indeed a pleasure because it bears within the meaningful message of a leader transmitted through media.The injustice done to any person in this life, and the discrimination against any person, all echo in this speech. The cause is so clear in the words, the presenters belief, and the crowds aggregated somewhat him believing in his cause. In a nutshell, todays democracy, freedom, peace and coexistence were built upon the shoulders of inspirational leaders such as Ghandi and Martin Luther King. ? Works Consulted Adams, Nordette. Remembering A Life A Poem Honoring Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Retrieved on sue 30, 2010 from http//www. authorsden. com/categories/poetry_top. asp? catid=69id=109389 King, Martin Luther. (1963).I have a Dream Speech. Retrieved on March 30, 2010 from http//www. mlkonline. shed light on/video-i-have-a-dream-speech. html King, Martin Luther. Martin Luther Quotes. Retrieved on March 30, 2010 from http//www. brainyquote. com/q uotes/authors/m/martin_luther_3. html Lestage, Andre. (1959). The Use of Audio-visual Aids in Education. UNESCO Chronicle. Retrieved on March 30, 2010 from http//www. unesco. org/education/nfsunesco/pdf/LESTAG_E. PDF Winfrey, Oprah. (2008). Oprah Winfrey How Martin Luther King Changed My Life. Retrieved on March 30, 2010 from http//www. people. com/people/article/0,,20172797,00. html

Mental Health Study Guide 1 Essay Example for Free

Mental Health Study Guide 1 Essay dress and describe psychiatric and mental health nursing Psychiatric nursing focuses on care and rehab of throng with identifiable mental illness or disorder Mental Health nursing focuses on headspring and at risk population to prevent mental illness or provide immediate give-and-take for those with early signs of a disorder. Psychiatric mental health nursing is described by Psychiatric-Mental Health breast feeding Scope and Standard of Pr spotice as committed to promoting mental health through the assessment, diagnosis and discourse of world responses to mental health problems and psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric mental health nursing uses the study of human behavior as its science and purposeful use of self as its art. It views people holistically, considering their strength, needs, and problems. It is based on physical and social science, designed to meet needs of people with health problems, provided by caring and wise(p) professiona ls, relies on problem solving approach to plan, deliver, and evaluate care. 2. Trace the history of psychiatric mental health nursing in the US as it applies to patient centered care 3.Identify signifi dirty dogt trends in healthcare and their effects on psychiatric nursing 4. Describe the difference between various theories Psychodynamic- psychoanalytical scheme derives from Sigmund Freud. Central to analytic scheme is the idea of unconscious which contains repressed memories. Although a person is oblivious(predicate) of unconscious material, repressed thoughts seek expression thorugh dreams, fantasies or may lead to irrational or dysfunctional behavior. A goal of psychodynamic counseling is to expand awareness on unconscious functioning and its relation to routine living.To Freud, ainity is composed of three subsystem id, ego , superego. Cognitive- Guides two major schools of thoughts Albert Elliss rational emotive theory and Aaron Becks cognitive theory. Both emphasize the share of cognition (thoughts) in how people feel and act Rational emotive therapy (Ellis theory) event do not cause emotional or behavioral consequences righteousness wing away. Rather, beliefs round these activating events are the most direct and important causes of how people feel and act. Rational emotive therapy (RET) emphasizes the line of irrational beliefs.Cognitive Theory (Becks)- holds that conditions such as depression result primarily from pervasive, negative mistake . Behavioral- States that all behavior are learned, focuses on how purlieual conditions result in acquisition, modification, maintenance, and elimination of adaptive and maladjustive behaviors. To a behaviorist, subjective experience did not provide acceptable scientific data, only study of directly observable behavior and the stimuli reinforcing conditions that control it could serve as a basis for formulating scientific principles.Concepts of behavioral theory are conditioning, reinforcement, punis hment, generalization and discrimination, modeling, shaping. Cognitive behavioral- Learning theorists, such as Donald Meichenbaum enhanced behavior therapy by introducing role of cognitions or mediating processes between a stimulus and response, which led to cognitive behavioral theory or cognitive behavioral management. This type of therapy is active, directive, highly structured, and clock limited.Therapists are seen as teachers or coaches and expect clients to be move actively in their treatment, practicing new thoughts and behaviors through homework exercises developed by the therapist. Some cognitive behavioral techniques Cognitive labeling, systematic rational restructuring, rational problem solving Humanistic- Recognizes the importance of learning and other psychological processes that traditionally have been the focus of research. Such processes include creativity, hope, love, self fulfillment, in-person growth, values, and meaning.Humanists are concerned with the persona l growth and strengthities of people. With their positive view of human nature, humanists believe that psychopathology results from the blocking or distortion of personal growth, excessive stress, and unfavorable social conditions. Sociocultural-focuses on role of social and cultural influences on the person. Culture can be thought of as the glue that holds certain groups together. It consists of socially acquired and transmitted symbols, beliefs, techniques, institutions, customs, and norms.Culture has been found to preserve a great influence on the birth, development, and death of humans. Biophysical- referred to as medical model. Proposes that psychopathology results from physiologic condition, capital a deviation within the central nervous system. The reasons for these deviations are multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of genetics, temperament, development, brain circuitry, molecular biology, and environment. Interpersonal models- Emphasize the socialization of human s throughout their developmental stages.Failure to proceed through these stages satisfactorily lays the foundation for later maladaptive behavior. Emphasizes the role of early childhood in shaping self concept. malformed self concepts can be traced to the persons family. Two results of distorted self concepts are scummy interpersonal functioning and self defeating games people learn to play. Interpersonal therapy is concerned with alleviating anxiety and pathogenic or problem causing relationships. 5.Discuss the rights of mental health clients and identify how these rights apply in practice The prefatory rights of clients receiving psychiatric nursing care include right to appropriate treatment, right to an individualized, scripted, treatment or redevelopment plan, right to ongoing participation in a manner appropriate to persons capabilities, the right to be provided reasonable explanation in terms or language that client can understand, right not to receive a mode or course of treatment in the absence of informed, voluntary, written consent to treatment except during emergency, right not to participate in experimentation in the absence of informed, voluntary, written consent, right to freedom from restraint or seclusion, other than as a mode or course of treatment or restraint or seclusion during emergency, right to humane treatment environment that affords reasonable protection from legal injury and appropriate privacy with regard to personal needs, right to glide slope on request, persons mental health record, right ( in the case of a person admitted on a residential or inpatient care basis, to converse with others privately, to have convenient and reasonable access to telephone and mails, see visitors, right to be informed promptly and in writing at time of admission of these rights, right to exercise rights without reprisal, right of referral to other providers upon discharge. 6. Identify situations in which the duty to warn should be invoked- The duty to warn should e invoked when there is possibility of harm. As a result of the Tarasoff decision, it is mandatory in most states for healthcare personnel to report any clear threat from clients about intent to harm specific people. Psychiatrists, psychotherapists, and other mental healthcare providers must warn authorities (if specified by law) and potential victims of possible dangerous actions of their clients, even if clients protest.

Ibrahim Pasha Essay Example for Free

Ibrahim Pasha EssayIbrahim Pasha makes the cutter he found make a sculpture of himself. Kanuni gets very angry with Ibrahim pahsa because of this disrespect of him and doesnt division his feelings about this with anyone. notwithstanding later on he shares his feelings with Ibrahim pahsa. As a result of this , he wants to cease since he is afraid of Kanunis anger. Then, Ibrahim pahsa comes back to the palace to pick his belongings from his servants. Ibrahim Pashas wife Hatice Sultan asks why he is going, whether he will come back to the palace or not. But he doesnt want to say anything about the situation despite of her insists then he leaves. Hatice Sultan has a nightmare, her nightmare is that her husband is killed by Kanuni and the head of her wife is in a sack on the evade . When she wakes up, she cries and goes to the salon she opens the sack and sees the head of Ibrahim Pashas sculpture. She thinks her husband has been killed. Then, she goes to her Kanunis palace and a sks him whether her husband has been killed or not.Kanuni says he is okay, nevertheless she doesnt believe. Later, Mustafa leaded on his aunt and she went to her mothers room. When Valide Sultan saw Hatice Sultan, she went to speak with her intelligence for this situation and she teaches that Ibrahim Pasche was well . Later she mentioned this situation to her sister. I think this part was the resolution of this episode. At the homogeneous time, Ibrahim Pasche was together with his twin brother and he confessed that he didnt love Hatice Sultan and he loved Nigar.

Trench Life During World War One Essay Example for Free

Trench Life During World War One EssayThe sustenance of a spend in the trenches during World War I was unimaginable to the volume bear plateful in Canada. Soldiers carried out their duty to their coun enterprise in the most horrifying conditions. The trenches were rivers of mud and blood, food rations were genuinely basic and designed only to keep the soldiers alive, hygiene was non-existent, and military direction was poor as these manpower fought for their country. Constant shelling and hitman attacks made many soldiers feel that expiry was imminent and a swell deal of hands suffered from custodytal breakdowns due to the war. During World War I soldiers spent most of their era involved in trench war remotee. A typical solar daylight in the trenches began at night when the sentinel was re deceptionved and replaced. This individual was responsible for watching No Mans Land and reporting changes to the man sitting with him. The blighter of the sentry would whence inform the platoon officer about changes in No Mans Land. Men in the trenches at night sat around telling stories, smoking cigarettes, and writing home. It was too uncomfortable and crowded to stop wearing all their ammunition and clothes. When a soldier did doze off he was likely to heat start lead as a rat passed over his face. When morning finally came rum was issued and hence break troubled was served. The soldiers would try and quietness in the morning and then progress to dinner at 1230pm. four-spot oclock was teatime and then it was night again. The geezerhood of the soldiers were carry throughed with idleness if the manpower were non involved in combat.E genuinely four years the soldiers were relieved from the trenches and sent to billets for four days of rest. A typical day in the billets would see the soldiers getting up at six oclock, washing, taking part in hoist call and direction, having breakfast, and then participating in drills with the company at 845a m. At around 1130am the soldiers were dismissed, had dinner, and were then on their own for the rest of the day if they had not signed up for a turn over or working party. During the soldiers four days of rest they were nearly clock ordered to visit the divisional Baths. The Divisional Baths contained a bathroom with 15 tubs (barrels sawed in half) half-filled with weewee and containing a piece of laundry soap. The men were told they had dozen minutes to pretend their baths and then the water would be turned off even if the men were shut away soapy. After their baths thesoldiers were treated to clean underwear and sent back to the billets.The conditions that the soldiers had to deal with while living in either the trenches or billets were inhuman. Men in the trenches were surrounded by the horrific smell of death. Soldiers killed in the trenches would lie unburied for months and when they were featureually buried they had laboriously enough earth over them to conceal their clothes. In some cases the dead were only covered by chloride of lime or became unearthed by shells. There were so many dead soldiers that eventually collection points were set up to collect the bodies. Wounded men in the trenches were pr unitary shortsighted time to recover and were then sent back to the scarer lines. Shelter from gunfire was hard to find. Sometimes the soldiers hid in holes with no overhead cover and when it rained the holes would fill up and the men would be fill up out. Even the trenches were waste deep in mud when it rained hard. The rain soaked everything including their clothes and their rations. Rats constantly scurried by means of the trenches and lice plagued the soldiers.The soldiers equipment was heavy and poorly made. An ordinary pack was heavy to start with and even heavier when the soldiers were told to pack machine guns and ammunition. enceinte shoes gave a lot of soldiers painful b dipers. Their boots were so badly made that their toes stuck o ut and the holes had to be uneven up with newspaper or cardboard.Moving from one area of engagement to an different was very difficult. This was unremarkably done at night and many soldiers got lost in the dark trying to relieve opposite soldiers. Moving to another trench was alike action threatening due to the constant shelling. Sometimes the soldiers traveled from one place to another by train. Box cars, that had never been cleaned and had little protection from the elements, transported the soldiers for up to dozen hours. It was a very uncomfortable journey and the soldiers ended up stiff and wet.Nights in the trenches were spent repairing discredited trenches with barbed wire, filling sandbags, and digging new trenches, instead of sleeping. Soldiers were to a fault sent out into No Mans Land, crawling about on theirhand and knees, to find out information about the enemies military plans. It was too wintry for the soldiers to sleep with no blankets and they could not eve n try to keep warm by exercising. Exercising would have the soldiers moving around too much, making them targets for the enemy. When the men did try to sleep they frequently froze.Even though the soldiers were supposed to only spend four days at a time in the trenches it often ended up world longer. In fierce battles the men were sometimes in the trenches for up to cardinal days with practically no food or water, and very little sleep. When the soldiers came out of the trenches they were enclosed in a practically bullet-proof casing of mud. The men then had to march from the trenches to the billets and were often shot down on their way.Life in the billets was not really much of a rest. Cleaning muddy clothes for inspection was not easy and in the evening the soldiers had to carry rations or mail up to the trenches. The men as well helped the cook chop wood or helped the quartermaster draw coal. The billets were better then the trenches but still far from being luxurious. An old stable previously occupied by cows or tents with no floorboards usually served as shelter. These tents got very wet when it rained, making it difficult to get a decent comfortable sleep, and were very crowded. The camps were very untidy and littered with refuse.Food supplied to the soldiers was very basic. Rations were brought up to the trenches every night. These rations included all the ruffle beef a soldier could eat, biscuits, cheese, tinned butter (seventeen men to a tin), jam or marmalade, saccharide (ten men to a bugger off), tea and stew when possible. Sometimes the soldiers made Trench pudding consisting of broken biscuits, condensed milk, jam, and water flavored with mud. This concoction was cooked over a spirit stove in a canteen until it became the consistency of glue. Soldiers too received parcels of foodstuffs, cigarettes, and candy from back home to add to their menu. In the trenches each soldier also carried taking into custody rations in case they were cut of f from supplies. These rations included one tin of ruffle beef, four biscuits, and a tin containing tea, sugar, and oxo cubes.Rations issued while soldiers where stationed in the billets were a little bit better. Rations for nineteen men for one day would include six loaves of bread (loaves were of different sizes and usually at least one was flattened, possibly caused by someone amazeting a can of bully beef on top of it during transport), three tins of jam (one apple, two plum), seventeen Bermuda onions, a piece of cheese in the shape of a wedge, two one crash tins of butter, a handful of raisins, a tin of biscuits, and a bottle of mustard pickles.In the billets the soldiers also received spuds, condensed milk, fresh meat, bacon, Maconochie Rations (can filled with meat, vegetables and greasy water), tea, sugar, salt, pepper, and flour. Out of these rations three men shared one loaf of bread, seven to twelve men shared one tin of jam, nine soldiers shared a pound of butter, and each man got an onion and a small portion of cheese. The bottle of pickles was usually drawn for everyone put their name in a hat and the last name left in the hat got the pickles. The soldiers were also issued between twenty and forty cigarettes every Sunday morning and paid twenty-four cents a day. This funds was spent on fresh eggs, milk, bread, pastry, and an occasional tin of pears or apricots.Constant shelling at the front was one of the most difficult things for a soldier to endure. Shelling was especially dangerous during the winter when the foothold was frozen. The shells would burst on impact and the bits went out sideways and were very dangerous over a radius of a hundred yards or so. When it was muddy the shells would penetrate into the mud a ways before exploding, therefore they were not as dangerous. There was a constant threat from the shrapnel of shells that exploded very close to the soldiers.Flying shrapnel normally killed wounded men carried out on stretchers. Attacks on the enemy were almost everlastingly preceded by shooter bombardments to try and get more soldiers out of the trenches and over onto the enemys side. Millions of shells were fired each day with thirty portion of the shells failing to explode due to poor manufacturing. About one out of every ten shells contained fell gas. Shells damaged wells, decreasing the amount of fresh water available to the soldiers, and partially buried people without cleanup position them. Soldiers throwing bombs often held them for toolong, before throwing them, to make sure the bombs were not thrown back by the enemy. This led to many soldiers losing arms, hands or even being killed altogether.Shell shock was one of the most vernacular ailments to affect soldiers during the war. For every one thousand men with physical wounds combat stress affected a further two hundred. Ninety-eight percent of fighting men cracked after thirty-five days of active front line fighting. Only two percent of sol diers enjoyed battle and did not crack doctors considered these people to be aggressive psychopaths. Many men found it very difficult to bring themselves to fire a gun even when being fired upon.A lot of soldiers became sick to their stomach, felt faint, and lost moderate of their bowels in battle. Men sent to the base suffering from battle fatigue were often sent back to the front lines, by doctors who said they were fine. One example of this is a man who was mentally and physically risky to be a soldier. He was just like an animal and had not even got the sense to take his trousers down when he needed to relieve himself. This particular man was sent down as mentally deficient three times and sent back to the front lines three times. Eventually he became so unstable that he killed himself. Many soldiers also died due to extreme exhaustion caused by lack of sleep and proper food.Going over the top and into No Mans Land was something every soldier dreaded. Before this event occurre d, many men made out their wills or wrote letters home. If the letters reached their destination then that meant the writer had been killed. It was a nerve-racking wait for the bombardment to end so that the soldiers could run to their death. The shelling was so bum the soldiers had to yell orders using their hands as a funnel into the ear of the man sitting adjacent to them. The soldiers went up scaling ladders, or Ladders of Death as they were called, and tried to make their way as fast as they could over the to the enemy trenches, while the enemy fired upon them. The whole situation was futile, as men running towards guns will surely die.Gas attacks were a common occurrence in the front lines. When a gas attackwas announced the soldiers only had between eighteen and twenty seconds to put on their masks and try to save themselves. The gas helmets carried by the soldiers were made of cloth treated with chemicals, had two glass windows to see through, and a rubber-covered tube on the inside through which the soldier exhaled (the tube was constructed so that the user could not urge through it). The soldier inhaled through the nose and the gas filled air passed through the cloth helmet and was neutralized. all(prenominal) soldier had to carry two of these helmets in a waterproof bag at all times in case one of them did not work. These helmets often gave the soldiers headaches and were only good for five hours of the strongest gas. When a gas attack did occur the gas quickly filled the trenches and lurked around for two or three days until the air was purified by means of large chemical sprayers. Animals suffered the most as they had no masks and had very little chance of outrunning a gas cloud.The soldiers in the front lines also had to deal with poor military planning. a few(prenominal) preparations were done before a battle and artillery bombardments were poorly planned. Orders were not promptly given to fill in the gaps of attack lines when men were kill ed and hundreds of thousands of lives were lost to capture a few square miles of mud. Weapons supplied to the soldiers were of poor whole tone and sometimes ended up killing the user. Orders were often given to retreat and hundreds of soldiers were left out in No Mans Land wounded. These wounded would try to crawl back to the trenches at night or be taken prisoner. Officers led men through shelling, causing casualties and deaths, instead of waiting for the shelling to stop and then continuing on. Officers also often got shot while guiding troops to their new location and then the soldiers were left to fend for themselves.Army discipline during the war was very strict. The punishments ranged from death to humiliation. The worst punishment was death by a firing squad. This punishment was given for desertion, cowardice, mutiny, giving information to the enemy, destroying or wilfully wasting ammunition, looting, rape, and robbing the dead. If a man was executed the event was covered up and in the public casualty list their name would have Accidentally Killed or Died written beside it. Where there was a doubt as to the willfulguilt of a man who had committed an offence punishable by death the individual was given sixty-four days in the front line trench without relief.There were also several other punishments given to soldiers depending on the severity of the crime they committed. Field Punishment 1 included the soldier being attached spread eagle to a limber wheel, two hours a day for twenty-one days. During this time the soldier was only given water, bully beef, and biscuits for food. Field Punishment 2 confined the soldier in the detent with no blankets. The soldier would be punished for twenty-four hours or twenty days with only water, bully beef, and biscuits as rations. Pack Drill was when a soldier was subjected to drilling for two hours wearing full equipment. The men tried to get away with filling their packs with straw, to make them lighter, but usual ly got caught and were then sentenced to the limber wheel. imprisoned to Barracks was when a soldier had to stay in his billet from twenty-four hours to seven days as punishment.The life of a soldier during the First World War was cruel and inhuman. The men lived in trenches drowned in mud, surrounded by rats and bodies, and infested with lice. The food supplied to them was barely palatable and the military command in charge was not always well informed. Death surrounded the soldiers as they were constantly fired upon and subject to frequent gas attacks. Although these men were fighting for their country, the high loss of life was hardly worth it.

Hypothesis and rationale Essay Example for Free

Hypothesis and rationale EssayThe search proposal is based on the hypothesis that the menses Tactical Personnel System grooming needs to be more than(prenominal) effective and hence a departure from passive slide show system to more synergistic system is a necessity. The main aim is that the personnel who overhear to lowgo interactive reading leave learn and absorb more in doion than those with comparable amounts of passive TPS knowledge experience. The modification in the system is now existence veritable with the introduction of hyperstudio. This go out be analyzed through a fit out of hears make by the investigator with scope of applicable to both control and experimental assemblages. A new set of TPS training sequences with the hyperstudio depart be organized with the fact that practical experience with project based approach with the call of hyperstudio as its rational being the more valuable noesis again kinda than passively acquired knowledge. The m emory store based theme of current learning mediums of slideshow presentations and other media with possible utilization in the training field has non been good enough to provide any real benefits if get alongance on the real valet de chambre makes way.A more intensive, interactive and practical approach based training method has to be choose so as to promote full use of the TPS system. An instructional system in an improvised format get out result in an increase level of proficiency and full utilization of the TPS capabilities. Methodology Participants The tribe of the study entrust consist of uniformed soldiers, senior officials and the training staff. The experiment population will perform manifesting operations in Fort Hood, Texas, which is the largest force install(a)ation in the world, and currently home of two divisions of just about 16,000 soldiers each.One support command of 12,000 soldiers, and numerous reserves with joint argumentation that makes it one of the most deployable military assets in the United States inventory. Setting The interrogation will take place in the participants current puddle location. No artificial environment or classroom setup will be provided due to the astray dispersed locations and issues of logistical support. Procedure The goal of this query is to determine the effectiveness of the new set of training exercises comp bed to the current TPS training program.Initially, a truthful stochastic sample of 100 uniformed soldiers who pull in all had full TPS field experience will be given a baseline test organized by the questioner. The results will be compiled for later simile with the research results, and those initially tested will no longer take part in the study. Then, two groups of 100 uniformed soldiers each (obtained through simple random ingest), all with previous TPS training, will be selected.A copy of the TPS users manual, test sheets, questionnaire, and the new set of additional TPS interactiv e training exercises will be emailed to the individual accounts of the experimental group, and a copy of the ideal set of TPS training exercises, users manual, test sheets, and questionnaire will be emailed to the individual accounts of the experimental group. They will undergo a preliminary test to determine their current knowledge, and consequently they will be instructed to go through the exercises and then answer the test that immediately follows.Participants will be asked to volunteer for a one-on-one interview that will identify their concerns with the training, and also recommendations on how to improve the training. Finally, they will all be directed to complete a questionnaire that will address their overall impression of the material. Research Design The sample for this study will be selected from military personnel through simple random sampling. The variables that aptitude affect the research argon training intensity, computer literacy, personal military background, and eon.Since all members of the sample groups have individual access to computers and email, the material and book of instructions for the study will be sent by e-mail. They will be required to complete a preliminary test and then independently go through the new exercises (if in the experimental group) or through the TPS user refresher slideshow presentation (if in the control group), and then complete the second test. A viable mode of administering the interactive training and tests whitethorn be through the use of a Macromedia cheap interactive presentation in a web browser.The second test and the questionnaire sack be include and fuck right after the training, thus minimizing the possibility of cheating. Questionnaires be one of the most popular ship canal in which data may be ga on that pointd. These are used for a range of purposes and will practically be the tool used to collect three-figure data. But it is worth mentioning that although this may be categorise as m ostly a quantitative offset of collecting data it may also be a qualitative method, depending on the turning, depth and style of the questions.selective information will also be collected using questionnaires, surveys, and interviews given to participants that agree in advance. Prior coordination with the individuals supervisor will be arranged, as they will be able to promote timely collection and also minimize non-responses. To hold dear the identity of the individual and foster sincere responses, all questionnaires will be marked with a garner P and a issuing to identify the passively-trained sample and a letter A with a number to identify the field-trained sample.A predetermined set of questions will be answered using the Likert Scale and measured using t-test for independent sample. All completed surveys and questionnaires will be collected from location on a pre-determined date. vicenary research over here has relied more on the large amount of results, with the recorde d data being mainly numerical in type and has been suitably used as a method of find cause and effect relationships (Curwin and Slater, 2001).But this qualitative research is narrower and more concentrated by looking to nurture to be gained in-depth from a smaller quantity of subjects (Curwin and Slater, 2001). Since the data over here require phenomenal research of Grounded theory as well as historical research hence this Qualitative research is lift out suited for getting applied (Curwin and Slater, 2001). Since the research undertaken over here has been basically done on analysing how the use of Hyperstudio can effect change in the pattern of TPS training, the study of the same is going add something to the subsisting knowledge.Therefore, we must hear the diverse aspects of research that will characterise a research project as valid these may include issues such as reliability, validity, objectivity, causality and crook. These may be seen in the questions that are asked, t he way they are asked through phrasing and order, and in questions that are not asked. Therefore the questionnaire has been designed era considering the full possibility of getting certain answers, but in what type of answers are attained and to be seen as impartial.There are different aspects that need to be considered so that it will be accepted and good solid research. The formulation of a questionnaire may be inherently biased and reflect the coveted out come rather than an objective research method. Reliability may be perceived as one of the easier objectives. This is often seen as the ability of the same study to be conducted and the results to prove the same, however repeatability does it miserly that a research project is valid and can be relied upon (Denzin, 1978). We have considered other aspects of the research rather that just reliability in order to make the project valid.Reliability must also come from the level of confidence that may be seen in a study from the ob jectivity or value subjectivity which may be seen to arise. The project have been undertaken from a subjective perspective and those asking the questions if a face to face method is used, do not known the study purpose. The first stage to agnise that subjectivity is present and then recognised in order to overcome. If we set out to prove a model is true it is easy for the research to be biased, just as if we are looking for special(prenominal) information other aspects may be ignored or forgotten.As such although the researcher may be biased there are certain measures that can be taken to ensure the research model used can be seen to have been implemented objectively. In calculative the questionnaire it is believably that there will be others involved either by way of observation or the correlation of the data. When designing the research questions, there should be no indication of the final purpose of the study, in this way we might limit the bias of the respondents and ensur e there is a lower risk of the cross contamination of bias (Denzin, 1978).However, it must also be recognised that we can never completely extinguish research bias. Data Analysis When looking at the way a sample should be chosen there will be the desire to choose a sample that is representative of the personnels that is going to be muged. If the population is not representative then the results will not be representative. The way in which we need to consider the target is to look at the way sampling will be used. In this scale we need to chew up to hatful who are either getting training or have been trained or are providing instructions while training.The first aspect is whether probability or non-probability sampling should be used. Probability sampling is a more random sampling style, the basis of this is that the selection of each respondent is a outlet of chance and that all respondents will have an equal chance of being chosen, in many cases this can be a known probably of the respondent being selected. There are a number of sampling techniques that fall into this category. These include simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified and cluster sampling.In come there are more than 30 probability sampling techniques (Malhotra, 1999). Random sampling is best outlined as a sampling method was any member of the population will not have a zero chance of selection where the chances can be calculated. Looking at these different methods, simple random sampling is the most basic. This is where all members shave the same chance of being chosen and where the knowledge of another population member being chosen for sampling will not alter the odds. A method of undertaking this is choosing names out of a hat or any other random method.Stratified sampling is where the population of the sample is separated into distinct groups which do not overlap this is where stratification is seen. There will then be samples taken from each of these groups. For example , this may be a sample that is divided into male and females, likewise we may look at those who can and do use the net profit and those who do not. There may also be the use of age groups, they key is no overlaps in the midst of the groups. The next potential method may be multistage sampling. This may consist of two, three or more stages in the sampling.The process will start with the division of the population into non-overlapping groups as seen with the stratified sampling. However this is solitary(prenominal) the first stage, following this a sample of the first stage units will be chosen match to different criteria. We can also look at non probability sampling techniques as these will have a level of intervention to ensure the sample is representative. The most common is quota sampling, but this will also include judgement sampling, convenience sampling, random route sampling and snowball sampling (Talmage 1988).Quota sampling is precisely as it appears to sound, there are the definition of quotas to be used. In many cases these will consist of gender, age groups and social class quotas, which may or may not have crossovers. This is used widely in commercial settings but this is also a method that is not supported as widely in academic circles (Ojeda and Sahai, 2002). Opportunity sampling is where an opportunity is sought to interview or gain the opinions of a particular group and will then place themselves or the survey in the position of those who may be most appropriate for that study (Talmage 1988).Random route sampling where is there is a route plotted and the interviewer may travel that route to gather data and hopefully meet potential subjects. This is a in truth random method of sampling and is also difficult to gain the correct numbers where there is quantitative data required. Snowball sampling is a method that can be used when there is a scenario of a large level of data being required in a short full point of time (Talmage 1988). This ma y be used with a few key people being approached and interviewed which will then lead to more potential candidates being identified (Talmage 1988).Self section is also a non random type of sampling as the respondents will volunteer themselves and a last type we may consider is that of plausibility sampling which is defined by Talmage (1988) as a sample selected because it appears plausible that the members are representative of a wider population, without any real evidence (page 82). With each of these methods there are advantages and disadvantages, we need to consider which is going to be most appropriate considering the population required and the sample and the sampling method.Looking at all of these it appears that the most appropriate method will be that snowballing, it is not the fastest but it is likely to provide the best results in identifying potential respondents for the research. The mean is the measure of average performance of a group on a measure of some variable (Gay Airasian, 2003). Data analysis is meant to calculate the mean between variables by finding relations among the variables. Initial data analysis will begin with the comparison of the test results from the control and experimental groups.All survey, questionnaire, and interview data will be collected, converted to values and affect using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the control and experimental groups will then also be compared with the results from the baseline test. After this, the results will be analyzed to test the hypothesis through a compartmentalization system for each value. The demographic variables such as gender, age, and education will be grouped under one category, while questions related to the hypothesis will be grouped in another useful category.The numeric values will be evaluated using the t-test, which assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other. Results from participants will b e analyzed by thorough examination of the survey, questionnaires, and interviews. The mean analysis comparison will determine changes on the responses from the initial baseline survey to the second and final survey. The questionnaire data will be used to analyze the effectiveness of the current mediums of the TPS. Results from the statistical data will indicate the unanimity of the training effectiveness for participants overall.It will also identify the programs current shortfalls on its training objectives. The hypothesis will be accepted only if the experimental group scores higher in the final tests and the difference in their scores are statistically significant (5% or higher in this case). References Ausubel, D. P. (1968). educational psychology A cognitive view. hot York Holt, Reinhart and Winston. Benware, C. A. Deci, E. A. (1984). Quality learning with an active versus passive motivational set. American Educational Research Journal. 21(4), 755-765. Biggs, J. (1999).Asses sing for learning some dimensions underlying new approaches to educational assessment. The Alberta Educational Research, 4(1), 1-17. Bransford, J. D. , Brown, A. L. , Cocking, R. R. (Eds. ). (2000). How people learn Brain, min,d experience, and school Expanded Edtion. Washington, DC National Academy Press. 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