The Difference Between Administrative Management

chartered INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATORS AND MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS-GHANA POST association QUALFYING PROGRAMME SUBJECT maestro ADMINISTRATION PREPARED BY KWEKU OKOAMPAH SARPONG STUDENT NUMBERST/PEQP/AU/12/002 DATE tenth NOVEMBER 2012 Question 1 Discussed the struggle between administrative way and maestro formation In either line of work pretend the collective business of the psychenel running it, is to advance it remunerative and tempt with a common goal of giving it an annual growth.A good and make grow administration combined with efficient precaution is the prerequisites for running a receiptscapable business and giving it annual growth. Professional Administration and administrative circumspection atomic number 18 like two hands of a business that run away in synch to achieve the goals that be set by the organisation. Administration is some snips used to refer to the activities of the broad(prenominal)er level of the focusing group who see to it major(ip ) aim and policies. This tail end be c every last(predicate)ed the broader use of the terminal which very lots used in government department (e. g. he civil service). It is in addition used in the narrow sense of curbling the mean solar day to day running of the enterprise. Administration on unmatchable hand lets the organisation with the indispensable goals and custody whereas solicitude provided the means to achieve the goals effectively and efficiently. Brech de alone rights administration as that part of the wariness action concerned with the institution ( outgrowth) and carrying out of procedures by which the programme is laid down and communicated, and the progress of activities is regulated and checked against targets and plans. Robert C. Appleby (1994) lists administrative management as a sub- trunk inwardly the total milieu of an enterprise. The prove of Administrative Management defined administrative management, inwardly the context of great power ma nagement, as that branch of management which is concerned with the services of obtaining, recording and analyzing impress aim, of planning, and of communicating, by means of which the management of a business safeguards its assets, promotes its affairs, and achieves its objectives?The administrative management function facilitates planning, organise, directing and controlling activities across all functional argonas in faces. As much(prenominal), it thunder mug be seen as the nervous arranging of organizations, directing and coordinating all parts and ensuring that the whole body functions smoothly and efficiently. Administrative Management layabout in any case be said to be the process of creating bring onment establishment and supervising its flow from, and to anformer(a)(prenominal)s at bottom an organization.Most job functions within a business involve performing some form of administrative management in order to store and pass on information to those within the comp all who study to use it in order to contri unlesse to the business. Professional administration on the other hand is the study of contemporary organisational principles with an emphasis on their applications in the modern take to the woods intrust whether in the administrative and take placeership skills of private, public organization, and non-profit organizations. This discip individualised line of credit is airlessly associated with public administration.The world-wide friendship of Administrative Professionals (IAAP) defines administrative master keys or professional administrators as individuals who be obligated for administrative tasks and coordination of information in support of an office related surroundings and who be dedicated to furthering their personal and professional growth in their chosen profession. Professional Administration is alike close a framework of bodily governance, talk, and the handling of information, in a rational approach to i dentifying postulate, making and implementing decisions, and observe and reviewing performance.Professional Administration is a business management principle, concerned with total stake kick iner interest, organizational security, sound and strategic sparing decision process, and ethical discipline at that place is a free burning debate whether or non management or administration is a profession. The following are the difference between Administrative Management and Professional Administration. In Administrative Management, there are no formal educational requirement for entry It does not require special clients. They serve a broad group of organisation. stockholders there is no system of accreditation or licensing In Administrative Management there is no overt compute of management moral philosophy that is universally enforced by mate review. on that point are no common bodies of knowledge that are lackful for someone to be a manager. Where as in Professional Adm inistration in that respect exist a body of principles, skills and techniques and specialized knowledge. There are similarly formal methods of acquiring training and experience. There are code of ethics regulating relations of professional persons with clients and colleagues. Such as the Hippocratic Oath of medical professionals. There exist similarly mandatory continuous professional cultivation programmes for members. Despite the supra differences, we can say that management is coming closer than ever before to satisfy these criteria for professionals. This is seen in the development of skills and techniques, much training facilities and greater use of management consultants. Question 2 Identify dialogue barriers and describe slipway to remove them installive communication is the essence of leadership and management. It is neither elucidate-down nor bottom-up, but two-way and continuous. tie in article Limitations of Administrative ManagementCombine various media and techniques to give the flop core to the right populate at the right meter. Good communication of any sorting always aims to meet the needs of all parties. Definition Communication is the preferential response of an organism to a stimulus. It is a process by which information is exchanged between or amongst individuals through a common system of symbols, signs and look (- Himstreet). Communication is the key factor in the success of any organization. When it pass offs to effective communication, there are certain barriers that every organization appears.People often feel that communication is as easy and simple as it sounds. slice this is true on one level, what makes it complex, difficult and frustrating are the barriers that come in its way. There are several barriers that affect the flow of communication in an organization. These barriers interrupt the flow of communication from the sender to the receiving system, thus making communication ineffective. It is indispens able for managers to overcome these barriers. The main barriers of communication are summarized below. perceptual and Language Differences Perception is slackly how from severally one individual interprets the world most him. wholly generally want to receive depicted objects which are significant to them. But any message which is against their values is not accepted. A same event snow-cladthorn be taken differently by different individuals. The linguistic differences as well lead to communication disruption. Same word gaberdinethorn mean different to different individuals. Information choke off Managers are surrounded with a kitten of information. It is essential to control this information flow else the information is likely to be misinterpreted or forgotten or overlooked.As a result communication is slight effective. Time Pressures Often in organization the targets have to be achieved within a specified time period, the failure of which has adverse conseque nces. In a haste to meet deadlines, the formal channels of communication are shortened, or messages are partially given, i. e. , not completely transferred. Thus sufficient time should be given for effective communication. Distraction/Noise Communication is also affected a pass out by hitch to distractions.Physical distractions are also there much(prenominal) as, poor lightning, uncomfortable sitting, unhygienic room also affects communication in a meeting. Similarly use of loud speakers interferes with communication. Emotions emotional state at a particular point of time also affects communication. If the receiver feels that communicator is angry he interprets that the information being sent is very bad. While he takes it differently if the communicator is happy and jovial (in that case the message is interpreted to be good and interesting). Complexity in Organizational affectionate expression Greater the hierarchy in an organization (i. e. more the number of manage rial levels), more is the chances of communication getting destroyed. Only the pot at the top level can see the overall picture while the people at low level further have knowledge virtually their own area and a little knowledge about other areas. Poor retention Human memory cannot function beyond a limit. One cant always retain what is being told especially if he is not interested or not attentive. This leads to communication breakdown. There is a lot of communication barriers faced these days by all.The message mean by the sender is not understood by the receiver in the same terms and sense and thus communication breakdown occurs. It is essential to deal and cope up with these communication barriers so as to ensure smooth and effective communication. How to Remove/overcome these barriers of communication Eliminating differences in perception The organization should ensure that it is recruiting right individuals on the job.Its the responsibility of the interviewer to ensure that the interviewee has command over the written and spoken language. There should be proper Induction program so that the policies of the company are absolve to all the employees. There should be proper trainings conducted for required employees (for e. g. Voice and accentuate training). Use of Simple Language Use of simple and clear talking to should be emphasized. Use of ambiguous words and jargons should be avoided. Reduction and exclusion of noise levels Noise is the main communication barrier which must be overcome on priority basis.It is essential to identify the source of noise and then eliminate that source. Active Listening Listen attentively and carefully. There is a difference between earr individually and hearing. Active listening means hearing with proper dread of the message that is heard. By postulation questions the speaker can ensure whether his/her message is understood or not by the receiver in the same terms as intended by the speaker. Emotional State During communication one should make effective use of body language.He/she should not show their emotions while communication as the receiver superpower misinterpret the message being delivered. For example, if the conveyer of the message is in a bad mood then the receiver might think that the information being delivered is not good. Simple Organizational building The organizational structure should not be complex. The number of hierarchical levels should be optimum. There should be an ideal span of control within the organization.Simpler the organizational structure, more effective volition be the communication. Avoid Information Overload The managers should know how to prioritize their work. They should not overload themselves with the work. They should spend quality time with their subordinates and should listen to their problems and feedbacks actively. Give Constructive Feedback Avoid giving negative feedback. The limit of the feedback might be nega tive, but it should be delivered constructively. Constructive feedback leave alone lead to effective communication between the superior and subordinate. Proper Media Selection The managers should in good order select the medium of communication. Simple messages should be conveyed orally, like face to face interaction or meetings. Use of written means of communication should be encouraged for delivering complex messages. For significant messages reminders can be given by using written means of communication such as Memos, Notices and so on Flexibility in meeting the targets For effective communication in an organization the managers should ensure that the individuals are meeting their targets timely without skipping the formal channels of communication.There should not be much pressure on employees to meet their targets. Question 3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of having one person hold the offices of hot seat of the be on and chief in operation(p) office r? bodied management ordinarily consists of a lineup of directors and corporate officers. The room appoints the senior corporate officers, such as the chairman, and chief administrator officer. some(prenominal) companies combine the Chairman and chief operating officer roles, while others appoint different individuals for each position. Advantages Having clear and unambiguous authority concentrated in one person is essential to effective management.Unity of command creates clear lines of authority to which management (and the dis escape panel) can respond more effectively Another advantage is, in an milieu where strong, directive, stable, and unconfused leadership is seen as critical to organizational success this genial of legitimacy is an important signal to stakeholders about who is accountable. Having one person unite the chief executive officer and Chair positions enhances the postings management performance. The scorecard management responsibilities require that it make key decisions affecting the company. A combined chief operating officer-Chair, provides the identity card with more complete and timely information about the company, provides the company with a unified command structure and a consistent leadership direction, and creates a collaborative and collegial environment for board decision making Board Chair who also serves as the chief executive officer is likely to spend more time at the company, to have more detailed information about the strengths and weaknesses of the company, and to have a deeper understanding of the operational and financial health of the company. Disadvantages There is a conflict of interest on one person hold some(prenominal) position of a board chairman and a chief executive officer of an organization. When the chairman is also the chief executive officer, Management has a de facto control. Yet the board is speculate to be in charge of management. Checks and balances have been thrown to t he wind. Having a one acting as a board Chair and a chief executive officer of the company it does not bring fresh knowledge and an insight to the boards decision-making process. Another disadvantage is that once the there is a of separating the chief executive officer and Chair positions the board go out not be able to performs its observe role better when there is a nonexecutive Chair.The monitoring role requires directors to asseverate oversight over corporate managers in order to detect and discipline managerial inefficiencies and misconduct. Thus, duality whitethorn cause failure by the board to effectively monitor and control. 3. b) What are the pros and cons of selecting an insider versus an outsider?Pros for an insider A positive swan in the attached line of managers that hard-work will pay off and they can get a promotion if they can prove themselves. Being sound known to the decision makers He /she would know the lively processes and flows in them a nd would be easily able to identify the weak-links easily and can cure with their expertise. existing domain business and organization acculturation knowledge would help inner chief executive officer. Will join on the confidence in level of every employee and make them believe that everyone will have equal opportunity of getting promoted to next if they can perform. Would be able to team up easily with existing team and would be able to guide them in showing them sunrise(prenominal) path or direction. Cons for an insider The inevitable presence of adversaries within the organization who whitethorn work subtly to tarnish the performance of the new CEO sometimes if he/she is not able to bring up the new ideas it could bomb the bringing in new person. Acceptance of new CEO from within would be a question when he/she has been picked up from the second line of management. Having their weakness well known to the selection groupPros for an outsider Would be able to bring new i deas based on their experiences from different work culture where they have been on the job(p) Will be able to see things as an outsider easily and so will be able to provide corrective actions whenever required. Could bring a positive energy into existing workforce when they were not able to see any light of hope with existing process or management. Would bring in best practices from the other organisations he/she might have worked with and very much helpful if he is having one-time(prenominal) experience in similar domain. Act as a gas for change, for example loosen naturalized patterns. Entering into an atmosphere of optimism and hope to benefit strongly on the opportunity at hand. Cons for an outsider Recommending precisely what insiders had been unsuccessfully suggesting for ages or missed recommending what insiders had been unsuccessfully suggesting for ages. Absence of strong consanguinitys with both(prenominal) major vendors and customers and perhaps a narrow win dow within which to build them Explaining things in ways that annoyed insiders or made them feel misunderstood, under-represented or wronged. Initials board skepticism of the candidates talent to lead the enterprise as a result of the new CEOs lack of understanding and the appreciation of the enterprise. Question 4 What elements would characterize an effective working relationship between a Board and a CEO? The board of directors chooses the CEO and delegates to him or her, the responsibility for running the company. Thus begins a hopefully productive, albeit complex, relationship. The boards role in this relationship is first to understand and revere of the CEO? s strategies and plans and then to monitor the execution of those plans and to periodically evaluate the results.Finally, the board must decide whether, when, and how it should intervene. How the board executes its role is critical to the success of the relationship and, ultimately, of the business. The essential relat ionships will provide both the board and CEO with a clear understanding of the effective CEO-Board relationship and to enable boards and CEO to both assess and improve their current performance in delivering against each of their relationship attributes. The following are some of the identified element that will characterize an effective relationship between a Board and a CEO Commits to act in the best interest of the organisation. exclusively parties recognize and coddle their obligation to work in the best interest of the organisation Builds close but independence relationships Board members should not let personal friendships with the CEO interfere with carrying out their responsibilities. Independence of board members from a CEO does not require an adversarial relationship to the contrary, the parties must establish and develop effective ways of communicating and working together in a collaborative confederacy built on mutual respect.All parties work to build robust professi onal relationships but ensure that these relationships demonstrate the independent required for the CEO to do his/her job and for the board to maintain objectivity in reviewing the CEOs recommendations and performance. Establishes distinct roles and responsibilities both the Board and the CEO maintains clearly defined and communicated roles and responsibilities. All parties are completely knowledgeable about their own responsibilities and the responsibilities of their counterpart. Effectively advises the CEO the board serves as a critical mentor and advisor to the CEO.Beyond ability to advice on the content of strategic decisions, the chairman provides thoughtful, actionable guidance on how to effectively translate strategy into action. The board maintains an open-door policy for the CEO to taste guidance. Establishes precise expectation all parties set distinct expectations for themselves and for each other. All parties establish clear objectives. All parties keep their promise s. Demonstrates humbleness, self-awareness and a low-ego approach all parties bring a genuine level of intellectual and professional humility to each interaction.They are all self aware of their strength, weakness and limitations. They are comfortable with having their ideas rigorously challenge. Board members should not let personal friendships with the CEO interfere with carrying out their responsibilities. Demonstrate honesty, trust, respect and transparency all parties work to establish relationships characterized by the highest standards of honesty, trustworthiness, respect and transparency. All parties work to create an environment characterizes by mutual respect and are fully transparent regarding their opinions, plans and fundamental motivations.To execute its responsibilities well, the board must have a workable governance model. Such a model should address issues central to establishing and maintaining an effective process for making and administering corporate policy . A governance model should acknowledge part approaches to the following Choosing or clarifying the business or businesses in which the sight will operate Hiring the right people in terms of both their abilities and their values Aligning the interests of the board and management with those of the shareholders Developing mutually harming goals, policies, and standards of performance for the CEO Evaluating plans to achieve agreed-upon goals Remaining knowledgeable about the unbendables activities and performance and evaluating the results Reacting appropriately to the results by holding management accountable and rewarding or intervening as necessary Boards of directors creating and following this or a similar governance model should be well on their way to establishing productive partnerships with their CEOs. Board members are advised to recall the predominate importance of hiring an effective CEO for the firm.The right person for the situation will strive to solve Proble ms that might exist and seek to improve upon established methods. The wrong person, however, is likely to create new problems for the firm and the board. Question 5 a) screen the importance of eradicating white discover evil and its impact on the integrity of the CEO. Criminologist and sociologist Edwin Sutherland first popularized the term white get the picture disgust in 1939, defining such a detestation as one connected by a person of respectability and high social post in the course of his occupation. Sutherland also allow ind abhorrences pull by corporations and other legal entities within his definition. Sutherlands study of white pinch discourtesy was prompted by the view that criminology had incorrectly focused on social and economic determinants of umbrage, such as family background and level of wealth. According to Sutherlands view, nuisance is committed at all levels of society and by persons of widely diverging socio-economic backgrounds. In particular, a ccording to Sutherland, crime is often committed by persons operating through large and powerful organizations.White haul crime, Sutherland concluded, has a greatly-underestimated impact upon our society. Sutherlands definition is now somewhat outdated for students of the criminal law. As white discernment crime began to capture the attention of prosecutors and the public in the mid-1970s, the term came to have definitions quite different from the one Sutherland used. Indeed, studies have shown that crimes we generally number white tweak, such as securities boloney and tax contrivance, are committed not just by persons of high social status but by people of divergent backgrounds.Thus, although the term white collar crime is a misnomer, it continues in widespread use. This is probably so because white collar crime provides a convenient moniker for distinguishing such crime in the public mind from common or street crime. Definitional, therefore, white collar crime is an activity committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation?. Furthermore, crimes undertaken by corporations and other legal entities are also encompassed in this definition. Types of White-Collar CrimeThere are several types of white collar crimes, which embarrass, but not limited to Corporate fraud This can involve activities such as falsification of financial information including false accounting entries, bogus trades designed to inflate profit or hide losses and false transactions designed to misrepresent restrictive oversight. Self-dealing by corporate insiders, including Insider trading, kickbacks, backdating of executive stocks option, misuse of corporate office for personal gain, and individual tax violations related to self-dealingFinancial fraud Healthcare fraud Altered or fabricated medical bills and other documents, excessive or unnecessary treatment or surgeries, Internet pharmacy fraud, auto cam stroke insurance fraud, Medica re prescription drugs, prescription of dangerous drugs, medical equipment, and hospital fraud. This is usually carried out by different aspects of a health care system and could include billing for services not rendered payment claims different from the rendered services, fork-like billingMortgage fraud Mortgage fraud indicators includes inflated appraisals, increased commissions/bonuses, falsification of impart applications, fake supporting loan documentation,. Such mortgage fraud schemes include property flipping, corporate identity theft, use or threat of bankruptcy to dupe home owners, inflated appraisals Insurance fraud premium diversions, workers stipend fraud Asset forfeiture or money laundering and occupational Crime Occupational crime occurs when crimes are committed to promote personal interests.Crimes that fall into this category include Altering books by accountants and overcharging or tare clients by lawyers. Organizational or Corporate Crime/fraud A much more cos tly type of white collar crime occurs when corporate executives commit criminal acts to benefit their company. There are a variety of corporate crimes that include the creation of inferior products drugs. Eradicating white collar crime and its impact on the integrity of the CEO To eradicate white collar crime and its impact on the integrity of the CEO, the following measures needs to be put in place Law and punishmentAccording to Ball and Friedman (1977320), statues aimed at economic regulation ( professional crime) often provide multiple, alternative sanctions. The sanctions may include cease and desist orders, injunctive divestiture proceedings, and awards of damages, monetary fines or forfeitures, seizures of goods, revocations of business or occupational licenses and prison sentences. They concluded that direct imprisonment is generally considered criminal sanctions whereas fine or money penalty, awards or damages and other forms of non-criminal sanctions are sort as civil or regulatory sanctions. Increased surveillanceInstitutions may decide to increase surveillance that aid in crime prevention, such activities may include auditing of accounts by external auditors in cases that involve embezzlement of money in institutions, retraining staff so that there will be reduced frauds in an institution. Social control theory The social control theory was developed by Travis Hirsch, this theory states that the socialization process helps individuals to develop social control and also help individuals to restrain from antisocial behavior however he stated that there are three forms in which crime could be eradicate or controlled.From the above explanation of the social control theory the occurrence of white collar crime can be prevented by direct control which involves increased threats of punishment, conscience will also help individuals to refrain from criminal acts, the close relatives will also restrain people from committing crimes and finally the need s atisfaction which will lender the individuals not to involve themselves in crime.For the white collar crimes there is need to compensate those who hold high offices with a sustainable amount of profits or wage, this will build control as depicted by the need satisfaction form of control, these officials will have no need to engage in criminal activity, direct control should also be reinforced through the discriminatory system and the police force, this will increase threats that will eventually reduce the occurrence and frequency of white collar crimes. Judicial systemThe judicial system has a major role to play in the prevention and control of the white collar crimes, rotting in the judicial system has also resulted to the increased occurrence of these crimes, wealthy people who commit this crimes have the funds to hire and corrupt the judicial system to win their way out of prison, therefore it is important to eradicate corruption in the judicial system in order to control suc h crimes. Corruption can be reduced by increased salaries to judge and also the development of organizations which specializes in dealing with corruption cases in the judicial system. Corporate initiatives Companies, banks, and financial institutions should play a vital role in fighting or eradicating white collar crime. For instance the Bank of gold coast has directed commercial banks to enhance the security characteristics of cheques to prevent fake cheques scams. The characteristics include the paper which is sensitive to chemical substances, the watermark, ultra-violet ink . on-the-job training is essential to ensure that the staffs are competent to detect fraud. Ethics A lot of pink-collar crimes are committed by persons at managerial and executive levels.Hence, the root of the matter would be that ethics should be observed by those in these positions of trust as they are more prone to committing such crimes because of the opportunities available to them by virtue of their po sitions. In a capitalist society, management and corporate subjects do not give emphasis to the questions of ethics. Career development of employees is based more on their job performance preferably than high ethical standards. The capitalist framework which occupys profit maximization and the corporate structure that emphasizes on production deadlines and quota have often created an arena for unethical business practices.To arrest this problem, corporate leaders and top level management should be exemplary examples of ethics and integrity. An explicit code of conduct and business ethics should be adopted that managers and executives are required to read, sign and follow. Apart from this, companies must develop a corporate climate that places ethical values above others. 5. b) Discussed the challenges in the fight against white collar crime. White collar crimes attract non-threatening images of guys in suits. And naturally we treat such individuals with respect and courtesy rathe r than fear and severity.It appears at times that our justice system does not place adequate emphasis on fraud and other white collar crimes especially when it is considered a non-violent victimless crime. One disturbing fact is how the offense is sensed, not as a criminal offense at all, but as simple bad judgment on the part of victims, by both the general public and by the victims themselves. This perception can lead to a tendency to blame the victims for their own losses. It affects how society sees the victims, and how the victims see themselves.This in chip can influence the way the offense is treated by law-enforcement and regulatory agencies, and when offenders are convicted, by the courts which sentence them. Compared to the murderers, rapists and urban gangsters that get the headlines, white-collar criminals just dont scare the public very much. They dont leave a chalk outline on the sidewalk or blood spatter on the wall. So while violent crimes demand a high profile res ponse from the police, the cost of white collar crime is significant but hard to measure in gentlemans gentleman costs. The following are the challenges in the fight against white collar crime Underestimation of LossesThe price tags attached to some economic crimes are so staggering that they are difficult to comprehend. As an example, the price of bailing out a single corrupt savings and loan institution surpassed the total of all the bank robberies in American history. Recent FBI statistics place the average take of an armed bank robbery at $3,177 while the Data touch Management Association reports that the average computer crime loss to banks may be as high as $500,000. The Best Lawyers A white-collar criminal, now rich off the spoils of others, can afford the best lawyers. LeniencyMany general assembly and judges are of the mind that, with an already overloaded justice system, jails should be used for violent offenders only, so fraudsters are given what are perceived as le nient sentences, or an absurdly low penalty in comparison to the crime committed, such as alternative sentencing (e. g. warnings, probation etc. ) or by buying their way out of prison by remunerative a fine or restitution. Police Resources While few laws are enforced 100%, white collar crime has a much lower margin of non-enforcement. Fraud and other white collar crime is not a priority for police departments.They are required to practice their resources to crimes of violence and, due to lack of trained personnel and financial resources, are not always able to investigate and prosecute suspected fraud and other white collar crime cases. Favourable Laws Laws are generally written in favour of the white-collar criminal. People who commit white-collar crimes are sometimes the same people who are in a position to see to it that their crimes are not defined too negatively. mortal Perception Whereas the impact of white-collar criminals on the nation is great, the cost to each indivi dual is small.White-collar crimes do not impact individuals with the same intensity as when one individual is victimized by a petty criminal. REFERENCES 1. build of professional Administrators www. iqps. org/ 2. International Association of Administrative professionals www. iaap-hq. org 3. What is an Administrative Professional? Who are Administrative Professionals? By Karen Porter (http//www. theeffectiveadmin. com/articles-for-administrative-assistants/administrative-professionals/) 4. Elthan F Becker and Jon Wortmann(2009) Mastering Communication at Work 5. www. utor2u. net/business/people/communication_barriers. asp communication Barriers 6. Effect of Communication Barriers in Business Communication www. managementstudyguide. com/effect-of-communication. 7. Robert C Pozen. (Nov 2009), Harvard Business check into 8. www. managementstudyguide. com 9. www. slideshare. net 10. Journal of Corporate Finance 3(1997) 189-220 11. White collar crime in Malaysia 12. www. articlesalley. com 13. www. crime-of-persuation. com 14. Professional Administration Guiding Principles and Discipline for the ever-living Executive, (2011) Samuel Mawusi Asafo CMC, CIPM.SMA International Printrite Inc. Ghana CHARTERED INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATORS AND MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS-GHANA P. O. Box LG 645, Legon, Accra. Tel. 028 954 0066 POST EXPERIENCE QUALIFYING PROGRAMME TAKE HOME EXAMINATION BATCH JANUARY, may & SEPTEMBER 2012 SUBJECT PROFESSIONAL ADMINISTRATION SUBMISSION DATE SATURDAY 10TH NOVEMBER 2012 Reference Material Professional Administration Guiding Principles and Discipline for the Timeless Executive, (2011) Samuel Mawusi Asafo CMC, CIPM. SMA International Printrite Inc. Ghana ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS, TYPE WRITTEN IN 1. 5 SPACING ALL QUESTIONS CARRY EQUAL MARKS QUESTIONS 1.Discuss the difference between Administrative Management and Professional Administration. 2. Identify communication barriers and describe ways to remove them 3. a) What are the advantages and disadvantages o f having one person hold the offices of Chairman of the Board and CEO? b) What are the pros and cons of selecting an insider versus an outsider? 4. What elements would characterize an effective working relationship between a Board and a CEO? 5. a) Examine the importance of eradicating white collar crime and its impact on the integrity of the CEO. b) Discuss the challenges in the fight against white collar crime.